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Clay Smothers
Claiborne Washington Smothers, I, known as Clay Smothers (April 1, 1935 – June 11, 2004), was an African-American member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 33-G in Dallas County who served from 1977 to 1981. Though elected as a conservative Democrat,〔Alwyn Barr, ''Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528-1995'', 2nd ed., Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996, p. 232; ISBN 080612878X〕 Smothers switched to Republican affiliation on December 17, 1979, near the end of the first year of the first administration of Bill Clements, first Republican governor of Texas since Reconstruction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Clay Smothers )〕
However, Smothers was a Republican in 1970, when had had run unsuccessfully in District 12 for the Texas House; he was defeated by the Democrat Sam Coats. In that same election George Herbert Walker Bush lost the U.S. Senate race to Democrat Lloyd Bentsen, and Republican gubernatorial nominee Paul Eggers failed to unseat Preston Smith in their second consecutive match.〔
==Background==
Smothers was the fourth of five children born and reared in Malakoff in Henderson County in East Texas, where his parents, James William Smothers (1896-1975) and the former Alice Olenza Wingfield (1899-2000), ran the St. Paul Industrial Training School, the only African-American orphanage and school in Texas that operated without federal funds. The institution housed many homeless youth over the years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Doris Eastman Harris, "Smothers ... New Voice of a Silent Majority", October 2, 1970 )〕 It remains operational.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of St. Paul Industrial Training School )〕
Smothers graduated from the historically black Prairie View A&M University in Waller County, Texas. He and his wife, Barbara, lived for several years in Chicago, Illinois, where he was a teacher and special law-enforcement officer involved in the control of youth gangs. He served on Mayor Richard J. Daley's Commission on Youth Welfare. He and Barbara returned to Texas in 1964. He first worked in the St. Paul orphanage but in the late 1960s moved to Dallas, where he operated a grocery store in the South Oak Cliff neighborhood. He became news editor of the Dallas radio station KNOK-AM,〔 from which he had to step down while running for office. He also wrote newspaper columns〔 highlighting the theme of Americanism and opposition to what he called "extremist groups on the left and right."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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